The Bhagavad Gita | Chapter 9 : The Secret of Life |
अथ नवमोஉध्यायः ।
श्रीभगवानुवाच ।
इदं तु ते गुह्यतमं प्रवक्ष्याम्यनसूयवे ।
ज्ञानं विज्ञानसहितं यज्ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसेஉशुभात् ॥ 1 ॥
राजविद्या राजगुह्यं पवित्रमिदमुत्तमम् ।
प्रत्यक्षावगमं धर्म्यं सुसुखं कर्तुमव्ययम् ॥ 2 ॥
अश्रद्दधानाः पुरुषा धर्मस्यास्य परन्तप ।
अप्राप्य मां निवर्तन्ते मृत्युसंसारवर्त्मनि ॥ 3 ॥
मया ततमिदं सर्वं जगदव्यक्तमूर्तिना ।
मत्स्थानि सर्वभूतानि न चाहं तेष्ववस्थितः ॥ 4 ॥
न च मत्स्थानि भूतानि पश्य मे योगमैश्वरम् ।
भूतभृन्न च भूतस्थो ममात्मा भूतभावनः ॥ 5 ॥
यथाकाशस्थितो नित्यं वायुः सर्वत्रगो महान् ।
तथा सर्वाणि भूतानि मत्स्थानीत्युपधारय ॥ 6 ॥
सर्वभूतानि कौन्तेय प्रकृतिं यान्ति मामिकाम् ।
कल्पक्षये पुनस्तानि कल्पादौ विसृजाम्यहम् ॥ 7 ॥
प्रकृतिं स्वामवष्टभ्य विसृजामि पुनः पुनः ।
भूतग्राममिमं कृत्स्नमवशं प्रकृतेर्वशात् ॥ 8 ॥
न च मां तानि कर्माणि निबध्नन्ति धनञ्जय ।
उदासीनवदासीनमसक्तं तेषु कर्मसु ॥ 9 ॥
मयाध्यक्षेण प्रकृतिः सूयते सचराचरम् ।
हेतुनानेन कौन्तेय जगद्विपरिवर्तते ॥ 10 ॥
अवजानन्ति मां मूढा मानुषीं तनुमाश्रितम् ।
परं भावमजानन्तो मम भूतमहेश्वरम् ॥ 11 ॥
मोघाशा मोघकर्माणो मोघज्ञाना विचेतसः ।
राक्षसीमासुरीं चैव प्रकृतिं मोहिनीं श्रिताः ॥ 12 ॥
महात्मानस्तु मां पार्थ दैवीं प्रकृतिमाश्रिताः ।
भजन्त्यनन्यमनसो ज्ञात्वा भूतादिमव्ययम् ॥ 13 ॥
सततं कीर्तयन्तो मां यतन्तश्च दृढव्रताः ।
नमस्यन्तश्च मां भक्त्या नित्ययुक्ता उपासते ॥ 14 ॥
ज्ञानयज्ञेन चाप्यन्ये यजन्तो मामुपासते ।
एकत्वेन पृथक्त्वेन बहुधा विश्वतोमुखम् ॥ 15 ॥
अहं क्रतुरहं यज्ञः स्वधाहमहमौषधम् ।
मन्त्रोஉहमहमेवाज्यमहमग्निरहं हुतम् ॥ 16 ॥
पिताहमस्य जगतो माता धाता पितामहः ।
वेद्यं पवित्रमोङ्कार ऋक्साम यजुरेव च ॥ 17 ॥
गतिर्भर्ता प्रभुः साक्षी निवासः शरणं सुहृत् ।
प्रभवः प्रलयः स्थानं निधानं बीजमव्ययम् ॥ 18 ॥
तपाम्यहमहं वर्षं निगृह्णाम्युत्सृजामि च ।
अमृतं चैव मृत्युश्च सदसच्चाहमर्जुन ॥ 19 ॥
त्रैविद्या मां सोमपाः पूतपापा यज्ञैरिष्ट्वा स्वर्गतिं प्रार्थयन्ते ।
ते पुण्यमासाद्य सुरेन्द्रलोकमश्नन्ति दिव्यान्दिवि देवभोगान् ॥ 20 ॥
ते तं भुक्त्वा स्वर्गलोकं विशालं क्षीणे पुण्ये मर्त्यलोकं विशन्ति ।
एवं त्रयीधर्ममनुप्रपन्ना गतागतं कामकामा लभन्ते ॥ 21 ॥
अनन्याश्चिन्तयन्तो मां ये जनाः पर्युपासते ।
एषां नित्याभियुक्तानां योगक्षेमं वहाम्यहम् ॥ 22॥
येஉप्यन्यदेवता भक्ता यजन्ते श्रद्धयान्विताः ।
तेஉपि मामेव कौन्तेय यजन्त्यविधिपूर्वकम् ॥ 23 ॥
अहं हि सर्वयज्ञानां भोक्ता च प्रभुरेव च ।
न तु मामभिजानन्ति तत्त्वेनातश्च्यवन्ति ते ॥ 24 ॥
यान्ति देवव्रता देवान्पितून्यान्ति पितृव्रताः ।
भूतानि यान्ति भूतेज्या यान्ति मद्याजिनोஉपि माम् ॥ 25 ॥
पत्रं पुष्पं फलं तोयं यो मे भक्त्या प्रयच्छति ।
तदहं भक्त्युपहृतमश्नामि प्रयतात्मनः ॥ 26 ॥
यत्करोषि यदश्नासि यज्जुहोषि ददासि यत् ।
यत्तपस्यसि कौन्तेय तत्कुरुष्व मदर्पणम् ॥ 27 ॥
शुभाशुभफलैरेवं मोक्ष्यसे कर्मबन्धनैः ।
संन्यासयोगयुक्तात्मा विमुक्तो मामुपैष्यसि ॥ 28 ॥
समोஉहं सर्वभूतेषु न मे द्वेष्योஉस्ति न प्रियः ।
ये भजन्ति तु मां भक्त्या मयि ते तेषु चाप्यहम् ॥ 29 ॥
अपि चेत्सुदुराचारो भजते मामनन्यभाक् ।
साधुरेव स मन्तव्यः सम्यग्व्यवसितो हि सः ॥ 30 ॥
क्षिप्रं भवति धर्मात्मा शश्वच्छान्तिं निगच्छति ।
कौन्तेय प्रतिजानीहि न मे भक्तः प्रणश्यति ॥ 31 ॥
मां हि पार्थ व्यपाश्रित्य येஉपि स्युः पापयोनयः ।
स्त्रियो वैश्यास्तथा शूद्रास्तेஉपि यान्ति परां गतिम् ॥ 32 ॥
किं पुनर्ब्राह्मणाः पुण्या भक्ता राजर्षयस्तथा ।
अनित्यमसुखं लोकमिमं प्राप्य भजस्व माम् ॥ 33 ॥
मन्मना भव मद्भक्तो मद्याजी मां नमस्कुरु ।
मामेवैष्यसि युक्त्वैवमात्मानं मत्परायणः ॥ 34 ॥
ॐ तत्सदिति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे
राजविद्याराजगुह्ययोगो नाम नवमोஉध्यायः ॥9 ॥
Summary
Arjuna has faith and trust in Krishna. In return, Krishna promises to tell Arjuna the secret of how to attain wisdom and release from suffering. All living beings are contained within Krishna's limitless, unmanifest form, but Krishna is not limited by them. He is unattached to creation's outcomes at the start or end of the cosmic cycles. When Krishna brings forth all beings at the cycle's start or gathers all beings back to himself at the end, he is unmoved. He is unattached to all actions. When people worship other gods, they are actually worshipping Krishna in his unmanifest form as the source of all existence. They are unaware of this and don't recognize or appreciate Krishna when he appears in human form. Krishna claims he will accept any offering given "with a loving heart." He guides Arjuna to perform all of his actions, as small and mundane as speaking and eating, as offerings to God. In this way, all Arjuna does is turned into worship. This is what Krishna has been trying to explain to Arjuna about the path of right action. All his guidance is ultimately an explanation to Arjuna of why all actions should be performed with love and worship of Krishna.
Analysis
In this chapter Krishna is detailing more precisely how Arjuna can turn his actions into prayer and offerings to God, and Krishna's tone becomes devotional. In yogic traditions, the yoga of devotion is called bhakti yoga and emphasizes love and thanks to God. Although the language Krishna uses has shifted from a focus on meditation to ideas of love and redemption, the basic concept remains the same: Krishna is still explaining the process of understanding the truth about the Self and God. As an earthly manifestation of the unmanifest God, Krishna now introduces the concept of God's love and of human love for the divine. This idea of love is interwoven in the concept of worship, and Krishna urges Arjuna to pour this love for God into all his actions. Krishna himself is often portrayed in Hindu traditions as the manifestation of God that represents love between humans and God. This role makes Krishna the perfect incarnation of God to explain divine love to Arjuna.
To help Arjuna, Krishna uses the analogy of the wind to explain his vastness. He likens himself to the "all-moving wind," explaining that wherever he goes represents his vastness. In this section of his teachings, Krishna introduces the idea that he is manifest as Krishna the God and unmanifest as the source of all existence. Through focusing on the avatar of his manifest form, a person can more easily cultivate divine love. It is difficult to create a feeling of personal love toward an unmanifest creator, for the concept is so vast and abstract.
When Krishna introduces the idea of the "cosmic cycle," he is referring to the long ages introduced in Chapter 8. At the end of this cycle, Krishna brings all beings back to himself and starts an entirely new cycle once again. This process is a larger manifestation of the concept of cyclical death and rebirth that happens to humans. Krishna's unmanifest form eventually destroys the universe and then creates it once again. Just as Arjuna is taught to remain unattached to his actions, Krishna is unattached to his actions during the birth, death, and rebirth of creation.
Krishna also refers to the "sacred Om," considered the most sacred syllable and the essence of all existence in the Hindu tradition. The sound om represents the primal sound of creation and is often chanted by devout yogis and practicing Hindus.
Finally, Krishna makes a brief reference to the "threefold Vedas." The Vedas comprise one of the foundational Hindu texts considered shruti, or of divine authorship. Originally there were three Vedas: Rig Veda, Sama Veda, and Yajur Veda. These religious texts are of the highest importance and inform many customs and rituals.
Application part in human affairs
1. Turning Actions into Worship: Krishna advises Arjuna to perform all actions with love and as offerings to God. This concept encourages individuals to infuse their daily activities, no matter how mundane, with a sense of purpose and devotion.
2. Bhakti Yoga in Daily Life: The chapter introduces the concept of Bhakti Yoga, emphasizing love and gratitude towards God. In daily life, this translates into cultivating a sense of devotion and thankfulness in one's heart, promoting a positive and spiritually enriching mindset.
3. Unattachment to Outcomes: Krishna's teaching on being unattached to the outcomes of actions helps individuals cope with success and failure. By focusing on the sincerity and love put into their efforts rather than the results, people can maintain equanimity in the face of life's challenges.
4. Recognizing the Divine in All: Krishna reveals that worshiping other gods is, in essence, worshiping him in his unmanifest form. This encourages a broader perspective, fostering tolerance and respect for diverse beliefs and practices while recognizing a common spiritual essence in all.
5. Understanding the Cycle of Life: The reference to the cosmic cycle and cyclical nature of creation provides a philosophical framework for understanding life's transient nature. This wisdom can help individuals navigate change, loss, and renewal with a more profound understanding of the eternal aspects of existence.
6. Incorporating Love into Actions: By urging Arjuna to pour love for God into all his actions, Krishna teaches the transformative power of love. Applying this in daily life means approaching tasks with love and compassion, fostering positive relationships, and contributing to a more harmonious society.
7. Symbolism of "Om" and the Vedas: The mention of "Om" and the threefold Vedas highlights the significance of sacred symbols and scriptures. In daily life, individuals can explore these spiritual practices, such as chanting "Om" or studying the Vedas, to deepen their connection with higher principles.
In summary, Chapter 9 offers a roadmap for a meaningful and spiritually grounded life, guiding individuals to infuse their actions with love, remain unattached to outcomes, and recognize the divine in every aspect of existence. Applying these teachings can contribute to personal well-being, harmonious relationships, and a more compassionate society.
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